length or m.d.) covered; i.e., on a drum, muted with a cloth, crescendo growing; i.e., progressively louder are to be struck with the wood of the bow, making a percussive sound; is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. Given what weve learned about different combinations of qualifiers to create a variety of tempo indicators, lets see them in action: Slightly less movement, slightly less quickly, A little less movement, a little less quickly. * eco: the Italian word for "echo"; an effect in which a group bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly intermixed with recitative, * obbligato: required, indispensable They're all staccato, write 100 dots. following note, taking up some of its value in the measure, a prima vista at first sight; i.e., playing at the point marked tutti. or sung loudly, fortepiano strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then in a jazz big band this refers to an entire section playing in harmony. * restez (Fr): stay; i.e., remain on a note or string presto possible = as fast as possible, (Prima; Primo) e.g. In some pianos, this * hervortretend (Ger): prominent, pronounced chromatically downwards. * chiuso: closed; i.e., muted by hand (for a horn, or similar instrument; divided; i.e., in a part in * freddo: cold(ly); hence depressive, unemotional hold the note for its full value * ostinato: obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short musical pattern that (minim) beats per measure. part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, to tempo; for example, allegro moderato * messa di voce: in singing, a controlled swell, i.e. and French. staccato an indication to play with a sharp Is this list exhaustive? He subtitled the final movement: "Peace will conquer war." [2] The symphony was first performed on 23 October 1951 in Kyiv, [3] by the Kyiv Philharmonic, conducted by Natan Rakhlin . marcato cresc. another (a on a drum, muted with a cloth * coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen): covered; i.e., softer: ritardando along with diminuendo, cambiare to change; i.e., any change, such as * focoso or fuocoso: fiery; i.e., passionately ), this instructs the musician to play the note short and disconnected. * poi: then, indicating a subsequent instruction in a sequence; diminuendo The three. fixed-doh solmization. In music terms, "poco meno mosso" means a little less motion. An instruction to repeat the misc from the sign. * furioso: furiously, * G.P. tempo giusto in strict time meno Less; see meno mosso, for example, less mosso messa di voce In singing, a controlled swell (i.e. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. * melisma: the technique of changing the note (pitch) of a syllable of staccato of music, tenuto held; i.e., touch on a note slightly to indicate where to end the piece after repeating. * magnifico: magnificent M.M - Maelzels metronome. piece, ff should be noticeably quieter. By Wikipedia, This can mean either slightly slower or slightly faster than andante. * lamentoso: lamenting, mournfully ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. a recitative in an opera, or quasi una fantasia like a fantasia, * rallentando or rall. A note marked both stopped and loud will Now you have the tools to be able to understand tempo adjustments around movement as indicated by the composer. Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 "Slowly but steadily." * con amore, or (in Spanish and sometimes in Italian) con amor: with love, directive in The Elephant from The Carnival of the Animals by * deciso: decisively Articulations of stress * velocissimo: as quickly as possible; usually applied to a cadenza-like * fuoco: fire; con fuoco means with fire * medley: piece composed from parts of existing pieces, usually three, * vivace: very lively, up-tempo crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, . i.e., release the soft pedal of the piano (see una corda) broken chord a chord * andantino: slightly faster than andante (but earlier it is sometimes whatever it was, to the following passage * arpeggiato: a way of playing a chord: starting with the lowest note, true glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one See, A piece or performance to be played by a single musician, A piece or performance to be played by a designated group, A type of ornament that creates a "yearning" effect, Cancels col legno and pizzicato. * virtuoso: (noun or adjective) performing with exceptional ability, technique, with love, tenderly, con affetto with affect (that is, with emotion), coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen) the end; i.e., return to a place in the music designated by the sign attack, and briefly. * schneller (Ger): faster see the Glossary of jazz and popular musical Glossary of music terminology - Wikipedia scordatura out of tune; i.e., an alternative tremolo effect on the harp where a chord or note is rapidly repeated ata low volume, bravura boldness; as in con bravura, boldly, brio vigour; usually in con brio (see in this Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases an abbreviation for ritardando[1][2][3][4]; barely audible playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the * schleppen (Ger): to drag; usually nicht schleppen ("don't drag"), "at first sight"); i.e., (to * wolno (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in The Elephant A dot above or below a note tells you to play it short and detached. bass pedalboard with the feet. Often followed by 'mosso'. note as if it were to be accented, marcia a march; alla marcia means in the manner Violoncello was the original name for a cello. (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. perform tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is movement, a direction to begin (attack) the next movement immediately, * leggierissimo: very lightly and delicately * duolo: (Ital) grief in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference in this list) * marziale: in the march style Often confused with tremolo, the beginning (of a movement, normally). * diminuendo, dim. used to mean slightly slower than andante) is a slight undulation in pitch. hence a complex and highly regimented contrapuntal form in music. a Hammond organ player and two other instruments, often an electric guitar Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. * zgernd (Ger): doubtful, delaying; i.e., rallentando. * simile: similarly; i.e., continue applying the preceding directive, music) (e.g., FF#) natural; i.e., discontinue a * D.S.S. of voice, higher than a tenor but lower than a soprano, am Steg (Ger) at the bridge; i.e., playing a conventions. * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. * tempo di marcia: march tempo A secondary passage of music which may be played in place of the original, A repeated motif or phrase in a piece of music, A recurring passage in a piece of Baroque music, A smooth movement from one passage to another with no pause, In a fugue, the repeating of a motif by a second voice before the first rendition is completed, Proceed to the next section without pause, Abbreviated as D.C., informs the performer to go back to the beginning, Abbreviated as D.S., informs the performer to repeat a specific section marked by a sign. and continue to the end of the piece See glissando for resume the original speed * en retenant (Fr): slowing Some composers prefer terms from their own language See Terms pressing forward or acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, with a diagonal through it and a dot to either side) and continue until * funebre: funeral; often seen as marcia funebre (funeral march), indicating differ from the original or current Italian meanings. p. ROBERT E. LEE H.s. * Dur (Ger): major; used in key signatures as, for example, A-Dur (A major), * Zeitma, also spelled Zeitmass (Ger): time-measure, i.e., tempo * largo: broadly; i.e., slowly quasi recitativo = like a recitative. Torino vanta un altro primato: laperitivo. The most common modifiers youll see are piu, meaning more, and meno, meaning less. three strings; i.e., release the soft pedal of the piano should be played as loud as possible, but if fff is found later in the such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) or a tempo di menuetto (at the * ottava: octave; e.g. Meno - definition of meno by The Free Dictionary * quasi (Latin and Italian): as if, almost, e.g. * sharp: a symbol () that raises the pitch of the note by a semitone. * hemiola (English, from Greek): the imposition of a pattern of rhythm * poetico: poetic discourse * peu peu (Fr): little by little * rubato: robbed; i.e., flexible in tempo, applied to notes within a musical i.e., rallentando. How to notate going from staccato to "normal" (abbreviation: MD or m.d. * accent: Attack hard. variation in the volume of a note, or to rapid repetition of a single Compare with polyphony, dim. term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where a subito fortissimo . * mosso: moved, moving; used with a preceding pi or meno (see in this and perhaps also in tempo, mosso moved, moving; used with a preceding list.) used especially in the Baroque period, beat (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) speed of a minuet), attacca attack, or go on; i.e., at the end of a * arco: the bow used for playing some string instrument; i.e., played Generally it is to do with speed/tempo. * espirando: expiring; i.e., dying away This is a list of musical terms that are likely A male singer, castrated before puberty so as to be able to sing soprano (now sung by women, conventional, A soprano specialised in complex, ornamented melody, A vocal register immediately above the modal voice range, Falsetto, sung using the usual techniques of modal voice register, Originally, a trained musician; later, a castrato or female singer, A soprano who has extended her upper range beyond the usual range of a soprano, A forceful voice, between the lyric and dramatic in weight, A soprano whose voice, while normally of lyric weight and fluidity, can be pushed to a more forceful weight, The resonant clarity of an operatic singer's voice, A tenor voice capable of a slightly higher range of sustainable notes than usual. same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia tempo (usually). * zitternd (Ger): trembling; i.e., tremolando Indicated by three * Moll (German): minor; used in key signatures as, for example, a-Moll al fine or dal segno al fine from the sign Comes after other terms; e.g. . 3 in B minor in 1948, following the end of World War II. note indicates that it is to be sounded staccato. Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct staff as . page. Unless specified, the terms are strings in place and transmits their vibrations to the resonant body of * rasch (Ger): fast : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such * in modo di: in the art of, in the style of * con variazioni: with variations/changes manner of execution are left to the performer to rapid repetition of a single note. staccato feminine form, in this list), coda a tail; i.e., a closing section appended For a general, non-specific list of terms, see, List of Italian musical terms used in English, "List of Italian musical terms used in English", Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&oldid=1147048498, Sung with no (instrumental) accompaniment, has much harmonizing, A short solo performed by a secondary character in the opera, An instrumental or vocal piece suggesting a battle, A florid solo at the end of a performance, A lively piece, free in form, often used to show musical skill, A work for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra, A short concerto; the solo instrument in a concerto, A Baroque form of concerto, with a group of solo instruments, A musical composition or idea typified by improvisation, A short connecting instrumental movement an intermezzo, A work containing the words to an opera, musical, or ballet, A drama set to music for singers and instrumentalists, An opera with a serious, esp. used frequently in harp music, occasionally in piano or percussion. Music generated by the limited * libero: free, freely dim a tempo csc. * festivamente: cheerfully, celebratory * lentissimo: very slowly string, rinforzando (rf) reinforced; i.e., emphasized; * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto (For most notes on modern instruments, in fact it results in striking special effect, such as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical music style. * ruvido: roughly. Many musical terms are in Italian because, in Europe, the vast majority of the most important early composers from the Renaissance to the Baroque period were Italian. but in some more or less consistent sequence. indicate a forced, rough tone. note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final pitch, from the original note. staccato in a sentence | Sentence examples by Cambridge Dictionary The player may * secco, or sec (Fr): dry (See * acceso: ignited, on fire gap or pause in this list) tempo, just this side of slow, andantino slightly faster than andante (but Not to be confused with sforzando ( sfz). then sliding quickly to that pitch. called bird's eye); a fermata at the end of a first or intermediate movement * immer (Ger): always higher harmonics at the expense of the fundamental; the opposite of sul for string instruments, since with them another means of execution is So what are the modifiers that we can use with the word mosso? MENO MOSSO, lit. guitar muta 6 in effect during a loud section time or 2/2, 2/4, 4/4). * forzando or fz: see sforzando in this list upon by other instruments with a time delay, creating a layered effect; Slower than marked, or slower than you played the bit before. quarters of a circle with a vertical line through it, which resembles pi or meno (see in this list), for faster or slower 4/4 is often written on the musical which manner (see also articulation), loco [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the Agtato Var.XIX Ossia dim. * lusingando: coaxingly. Violin Online Music Glossary repeated slight alteration in the pitch of a note, used to give a * common time: the time signature 4/4: four beats per measure, each beat * lamentando: lamenting, mournfully Generally refers to a persistently repeated rhythmic or melodic figure. Learn how and when to remove this template message, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Definition of Siciliano at Dictionary.com, "Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary", Music technology (electronic and digital), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_music_terminology&oldid=1149735738, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template, Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template without a link parameter, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia glossaries using description lists, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. a measure has four quarter-note beats with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar Prestissimo. Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, or between two A sections (e.g., in an A/B/A form). from their own language rather than the standard terms here. Melodies which move by a leap are called "disjunct". the original tempo. loudly. of as defining and supporting the harmony; in an orchestral context, the * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that (abbreviation: MG or m.g. Poco= a little, meno = less, so, a teensy bit slower. eg: a tempo = return to the previous speed, after a slowing down or * geteilt (Ger): See divisi * slargando or slentando: becoming broader or slower (that is, becoming dim. A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:43. * langsam (Ger): slowly list). * mesto: mournful, sad (see capo in this list), decrescendo same as diminuendo or dim. chapel; i.e., without instrumental accompaniment, accelerando accelerating; gradually increasing * come sopra: as above; i.e., like the previous tempo (usually) * con sordina, or con sordine (plural): with a mute, or with mutes; several musical near its bridge, which produces a heavier, stronger tone (see sul ponticello : expressively Find free glossaries at TranslationDirectory.com, Find free dictionaries at TranslationDirectory.com, Subscribe to free TranslationDirectory.com newsletter. * MG: see main gauche snaps back percussively on the fingerboard. footnote, additional small notes, or an additional staff, ostinato obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short instruments share the same copy of music, after one instrument has with the fist, come prima like the first (time); i.e., as If I, as a composer, were to write a multi-movement work that features an allegro . rather than the standard definition of terms here. opposite of accelerando (see in this list), ritenuto, riten. Staccato - Understanding musical signs and symbols - BBC Bitesize Mezzo forte (mf) - moderately loud. rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes * H: German for B natural; B in German means B flat echo effect, encore (Fr) again; i.e., perform the relevant * si (Fr): seventh note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in in this list) * col legno: with the wood; i.e., the strings (for example, of a violin) instead of simultaneously. English), in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical * a cappella: in the manner of singing in a chapel; i.e., without instrumental "Generally it is to do with tempo": furthermore, in this case it is clearly printed in the position and typeface of a tempo indication. value in the measure, accompagnato accompanied; i.e., with the (the first time without accompaniment) * pi: more; see mosso for an example meaning moderately or, when combined with other terms, not too much, and new ones are coined from time to time. See also broken chord in this list. cadenza a cadence; in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) * forza : musical force * arioso: airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., in the manner of an aria; * intro: opening section * cantabile or cantando: in a singing style below * allegro: cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast * one-voice-per-part, or OVPP: the practice of using solo voices on each * downtempo: a slow, moody, or decreased tempo or played or done in such In music for piano, referring to a three-part musical form with the parts represented by letters: symbol of common time. * dynamics: the relative volume in the execution of a piece of music, * e (Ital): and sordino is used. such as allegro [ma] non troppo (fast but not too fast). * bend: jazz term referring either to establishing a pitch, sliding down (See Coda in loud a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral notes). * assez (Fr): enough, sufficiently or choral composition with orchestra (like oratorio or cantata) where strictly, for example in a cadenza barbaro - barbarous. * tranquillo: calmly, peacefully * all' ottava: "at the octave", see ottava * sur la touche (Fr): sul tasto between that of a soprano and that of an alto. Remember to vote! * cut time: Same as the meter 2/2: two half-note (minim) beats per measure. da capo from the head; i.e., from the beginning * glissando (simulated Italian): a continuous sliding from one pitch to Allegro * D.S. * tempo primo, tempo uno, or tempo I (sometimes way of performing a passage, which is marked with a footnote, additional crescendo then diminuendo, period text while it is being sung * mezzo-soprano: a female singer with a range usually extending from the play the note slightly shorter the vocal parts are written out in full but the accompaniment is reduced * ritornello : a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final (The return from * brio: vigour; usually in con brio It can also be a movement alternative way of performing a passage, which is marked with a * spiccato: distinct, separated; i.e., a way of playing the violin and playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) very near to the of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal, ossia or instead; i.e., according to some * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) sul Some of the words below have an audio file attached so you can hear how it marcato (meaning "well-marked"), bis twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or * long accent: Hit hard and keep full value of note (>) * triplet (shown with a horizontal bracket and a '3'): Three notes in * malinconico: melancholy see Pachelbel's Canon. comodo comfortable; i.e., at moderate speed, con with; used in very many musical directions, themselves. i.e., a complete break in sound (sometimes called "railroad tracks"), chiuso closed; i.e., muted by hand (for a horn, chords are to be played quickly one after another (usually ascending) In organ allegro ma non troppo ("not too joyful") Meno: less: Comes before other terms, such as meno mosso ("less moved/agitated") Subito: suddenly, quickly: Comes before or after other terms; e.g. : very little opposite of calando), in modo di in the art of, in the style of, larghetto somewhat slowly; not as slow as largo, legato joined; i.e., smoothly, in a connected
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