To evaluate the physiological relevance of fluctuations in fecal progestins, study samples were compared to those of 3 pregnant females (F5 [studbook no. Twice-weekly sampling (Tuesdays and Saturdays) of feces was used to monitor fecal androgen levels in the males. Husbandry Guidelines Fecal sample collection.Daily fecal samples were collected from each female from 1 March 2001 through the respective end dates (Table 2). When climatic conditions pose a threat to the animals health or well-being, taking into consideration its age, breed, overall health status, and acclimation, then appropriate measures must be taken to alleviate the impact of those conditions. The Effect of the Male Bush Dog - Oxford Academic They are gray, brown, or reddish to yellowish brown, with large eyes and ears, long hind legs, soft, woolly fur, and long tails. The arrow indicates 27 March 2002, the date of male-female introductions. They primarily move through their environment by quadrupedal movement (19.8%), leaping (54.1 %), hopping (2.9%) and climbing (16.8%) (Crompton 1983). Animals.The 8 adult bush dogs (4 females and 4 males; Table 2 Dmoch 2004), used in this study were born in captivity and housed socially, that is, housed with parents or littermates or both, in European zoos before arrival at the Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri (3845N, 9015W). Housing or cagingCaging or housing systems should provide adequate space and accommodate appropriate population densities, allow animals sufficient freedom of movement, permit normal postural adjustments, and include a resting place appropriate for the species being housed. 44 0 obj <> endobj Baby watch should begin approximately one week before the estimated due date. Individual animals should be identified in a consistent and recordable manner (e.g., tags, cage cards, microchips, tattoos). Appropriate noise protection for personnel should be provided where noise levels are high. bush dog husbandry guidelines Standards for AAHA Hospitals, American Animal Hospital Association, PO Box 150899, Denver, Colorado 80215. The first 2 estrous cycles for each pair were analyzed, with the exception of F1, who died after only 1 cycle. 1987). The fact that confirmed Copulatory Locks were not seen in females both with and without medical conditions suggests that the results for Fl were due to individual variation and not her medical condition. Confirmed Copulatory Locks (n = 4 estrous cycles) occurred on average twice per day for a period of receptivity that averaged 4 days. In this study we focused on characterizing the reproductive cycle of the female bush dog by considering the pattern of gonadal hormone secretion, the number of estrous cycles per year, presence or absence of a seasonal pattern, and influence of the male's presence on the female reproductive cycle or reproductive characteristics. We determined significance of correlations with Kendall's tau (Sokal and Rohlf 1995). This study found a significant positive increase in baseline vulva size when males were present, even beyond the follicular phase when fecal estrogen levels returned to near baseline. XI. 2001; available at http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/Casgrain/R/index.html) determined if male presence caused a directional shift in the mean time interval and number of peaks in any of the 3 female variables (Fortin and Gurevitch 2001; Legendre and Legendre 1998; Rossi 1996); that is, whether male presence caused a decrease in time, that is, months, between significant changes and an increase in frequency of significant changes in fecal estrogens, fecal progestins, or vulva index (DeMatteo 2004). The moving average (period = mean of 3 samples) for mean fecal estrogen and fecal progestin levels, and the 3-times-weekly vulva index for female 4. 1993; Kleiman 1968; Monfort et al. Branch the cage simply and include two nest sites, both at eye level height. The following taxon-specific documents are a valuable resource in the husbandry and care of ungulates. Fecal Condition Scoring Resource Center Females construct nests in which to give birth to and raise their offspring. WebDOG HUSBANDRY SOP 520.01 Dog Husbandry Page 1 of 3 1. en/Mixed exhibit Ursidae - zoorope Animals housed outdoors should have access to shelter from the elements. None were significant only when the male was present. 1992). actrice pub audi; qare comment a marche; desnouvelles de la vie quotidienne de kim hyun joong 2019; interpol executive committee; lavigerie alger photo bush dog husbandry guidelines. A water pool down to hVo0W=N8Rm&j:CF=ZN 2YJ#DpBX|G!QAAGXC$|" .i@$#\{W/:6@_Pr7z"7Eo+G8RiYcm8wUxToB(fk+NnmG\DTxNKS]j'pI,*Ix\>CQ0aJ'*^?4>[mE$Y:YYlJmK(WIfY.bp|i2`^ L.-4Htm7N*:_)}*'iYeRx@|Kj 3+jdrR %O(ZC-xozFQ s5RJE;Nix70(r}F`O^o@n;B Twice-weekly fecal hormone data for fecal androgen levels for male 4. To pick-up a dog place arms around legs and stand up remembering to lift with your legs and not your back. 1998). Webbush baby, (family Galagidae), also spelled bushbaby, also called galago, any of more than 20 species of small attractive arboreal primates native to sub-Saharan Africa. 2001; available at http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/Casgrain/R/index.html) to determine within and between correlations at the 2 levels (Fortin and Gurevitch 2001; Legendre and Legendre 1998). Extra food enrichment is not used with this species; however, we often use their diets in different ways as enrichment. BeddingBedding should be appropriate, free of toxic chemicals or other substances that could injure animals or personnel, and of a type not easily eaten by animals. 2. (Gron, 2008). American Veterinary Medical Foundation (AVMF), AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. Do not touch the nest box or disturb the dam. 1997; Valdespino et al. A Mount was not scored when a female's submissive roll resulted in the male only straddling or rubbing against her. 2002). In a 2-year study of the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), a small canid from Central and South America, we examined the reproductive physiology of mature females and the effect of male presence on the incidence and timing of ovulation. If recirculating systems or other energy-recovery devices are used, these systems must be adequately maintained. 1987; Velloso et al. 1987). Although mature females do not require male presence to initiate estrus, male presence significantly shortens the interestrous interval. Excessive noise should be minimized by training staff and by use of appropriate equipment and facilities. SocialWhere group housing is appropriate, consideration should be given to behavioral and social interactions. It is possible that because female bush dogs are not restricted to a fixed, single breeding season and have multiple cycles per year; male bush dogs may have continuous testosterone and sperm production as do male domestic dogs and dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) in temperate regions in Australia (Catling et al. For the 17 completed estrous cycles, the duration of sustained fecal progestin elevation varied significantly (t = 2.33, d.f. Special thanks to A. Haberem, C. and L. DeMatteo, B. Housing and husbandry.Animals were housed indoors, with temperatures maintained between 15.6C and 29.4C (X = 25.4C, n = 135,541 total measurements with temperature recorded every 10 min for the 27 study months) and exposed to natural light from skylights and windows. = 7, P < 0.01). Males do not directly participate in caring for the offspring. Hormone assays.The noninvasive monitoring of hormones using feces was effective at determining fluctuations in fecal estrogens and fecal progestins in the study females (Fig. Medications and treatments must only be administered under the advice of or in accordance with written protocols provided by a veterinarian, and all drugs must be dispensed in accordance with federal and state regulations. The DLC has had success housing the G.Moholi in a mixed species setting with Aye Aye, Slow Loris, Pygmy Slow Loris, Slender Loris, Pottos, Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemurs and Mirza. Additional physiological data are needed to determine if male reproduction resembles that of females in lack of a rigid breeding season. Vulvar measurements.In preparation for data collection, the 4 females were trained, using operant conditioning, to stand for vulvar measurements. There are two mating seasons a year corresponding to births between January and February and between October and November. 519.01. . 62 0 obj <>stream An individual record should be prepared for each animal. Providing the above mentioned bear-proof areas or total separation can be the solution during the time of rearing the young. Around 10 months the young reach sexual maturity at which point males will emigrate. Remember, teaching your dog these simple handling skills is setting her up to win for future vet exams. It is acceptable to give the mother extra veggies, fruit, or juice in a shallow bowl on the day she delivers. KAREN E. DEMATTEO WildCare Institute - University of Missouri WebEAZA Hornbill Management and Husbandry Guidelines Contents Foreword 1) Natural history 2) Captive population management 2.1 Identification 2.2 Morphology and sex determination 2.3 Maturation and longevity 2.4 European hornbill collection plan taxa 3) Veterinary care, handling and transport For this species, scattering food in many different places and heights around the enclosure is key to ensuring all group members have access to food and are able to hunt and capture prey; simulating natural feeding behaviors. ("Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004) Females nurse their offspring for about 11 weeks though young may begin to catch insects at 4 weeks of age. A summary of reproductive data from the International Studbook for the Bush Dog (Dmoch 1995) by latitudinal location of zoo in which they were housed (n = 48). At noon, when the white lights have gone out, we use a red light in the rooms for the keepers to see. As described for all other canids, female bush dogs have an obligate pseudopregnancy after an infertile mating or ovulation without mating. Companion animal care guidelines | American Veterinary Attend topical CE meetings on subjects including animal welfare, wellbeing, economics, and public policy. Because of variability within the data, a progressive Bonferroni correction was applied to the P-value for Moran's I for a conservative interpretation of significance. The Bushbabies can vary in their preferences of sleeping site types. The design should allow for easy inspection of cage occupants. The 2nd estrous cycle without a confirmed Copulatory Lock (F1) had 4 possible Copulatory Locks and one of the highest number of Mounts (n = 329). Leaps can cover significant distances, up to and sometimes greater than 2.5 m (8.2 ft) (Charles-Dominique 1977a; Butynski & de Jong 2004). Fl was maintained on a daily diet of IAMS Beef and Rice and IAMS Lamb and Rice canned food (The IAMS Company, Dayton, Ohio) because of skin problems suspected to be related to diet. 1). Asa and Valdespino 1998; Kleiman 1968; Porton et al.
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